





Sf 


Goes ELLITHORPE, HO HSGRAY ee es Fy FD ELLE ROR ES, 


Patentee and Gen’l Manager. Gen’! Supt., Syracuse, N.Y. Gen’! Agt. for the U.S. 







ONE GREAT LAW oF NATURE MADE TO OPPOSE AND NEU- 


TRALIZE ANOTHER GREAT NATURAL. LAW. 


THE LAW OF GRAVITY OPPOSED BY THE LAW OF 
ATMOSPHERIC RESISTANCE. - 


—————>-_ 9 + ____—_—_ 


THE AIR-CUSHION ” ATTACHED TO ELEVATORS, SECURES PERFECT SAFETY 


AND AVERTS THOSE FATAL DISASTERS RESULTING FROM THE 
FALLING OF ELEVATOR- CABS. 
eg 24 
Endorsed by ali the Prominent Elevator Builders 
of the United States. 


or oe ee - — 
GENERAL OFFICE FOR THE U. S.: 
~Nos. 46, 48 « 50 N. Morean. SrrReeEt, 


CHICAGO, ILLS. 


wo 
i — - 





COMMUNICATIONS MAY BE ADDRESSED TO 
HENRY BEIDLER, Chicago. 

A. C. ELLITHORPE, N. Y. City, P.O. Box No. 1777. 

Or, HARRISON H. GRAY, Syracuse. N, Y. 



































“Hore Mat.” Print, 82 and 84 Nassau St, N.Y. | 





RHEFERERHNCEHS. 





We refer to the following prominent buildings where the 
ELLITHORPE PATENT SAFETY ATR-CUSHION has been 
adopted : 


MON AIMPSL OL COMMOLGE..... 0006. 0c0 see teeneee de Fe OS head SOR Ee OEIC Chicago. 
Rie TOR ACMA TL OUO Le 5 5 fore 5 orsveig sya seals 8a no's o'e oYaeeieemoieres Be eoNn arte cs ieee arrecosrectial gs is 
pCARITC BETIS Getter tc 0s cial soot asage s+ coccers, id aie't eR ete a ect as ave SE amined 

MPM RPATEEL US Oo cc eies «a's ov 0:0 ais vn eicleole « SF asotaysiaca eae Poler ee peetetca apna steletesetets EV Aen ae 

RRAE CMTC ARES LLL IN Sere a voit oloaies vob cs cows Dae len eh eR EE ee steers she i 
Chicago Tribune Building............... aiid a alec Eien ree ote Se ee Re tie asi eit : 

ee Meme HATE IS TUN CUUIN I oo cof oh olay oi4 5 ores hs eainraie a wt owisenie ate Oa E ROU COOH COASTS 

MAMI RIDIN RENNES ATT LCL LTL rr y 5, «cies vied chests sik Avid Mereara eae white dele iereme'e aeiatat nto cums ielk laws < 
eRe REMECCE) COS se ESULT LTTUS «-taeieles.8 cte's:cacy Nore cra 8a g are eb one tetE ee eae Pete hiner an w eee at 
ALE MME REGS CRC OPEE SE E10 V0.0 clovete: ar aie’oia ston Chelsie ainlglormaion rte a cimete tantra weno « te ae a 

PE MMER ITU SMI OS UVC Lom eT eal Sees Sis, 9S eielsieis nin tas. se TSR Sa a Tos oioe Slealy tee TRE cakoctceet hele 2 = 
meretee RECASIMEGANH LT IAQ Poe OY cha ta che’ « oats, arach chnels w'0' 0: 5/o)o ait devaiedeimieda eMticiafe ara mee esah bamrate e erow eae - 
Peterman ne Leleorapn BUUGIDES «... os «sao sae cassie oe wns sbteeghecals ale cate et ve 
(ESLER TUG TITRES oto a a OS AS See ani a en 
are AR at CLI ELTYO ste eis). cia aie cle'e's 6. baie os bieie w o.e veleeseac awe ie Pee ea 5 Se seh Sc dt eh ee Toledo, Ohio, 
ee GRE EMRE So 0 c'5, 4. 5 c's ola. 015% o)a/siccere o's. 8 «/alelralaralele tre, vmioa eels gicts a alwcrareisiaeleea e's Detroit, Mich. 
eA ORE EETOPIPO Soon. 5 cies o's ela olf bedivie's « aipivid o.acaze patie eho iatinw bracts ck ciecioe sates * a 
eee REE eR AO SUV TUT ATCO Ces. «'n!sinio;a oiate' a eiceh tye ols v e:0,aiw 4.4) aie stegbtatiioleat aa phaeitenie Ne ¢ aatele, eigterais G “i 
Newmperyms McMillan Building.............0..csseseacaecs cove OREO ae 

EC LINE UL Eea TE oc lb eo axciecs do 8 s,auicbis S.a crete a 8.0 « Qipiereree on teheeterel ola) vlatttele avayelte eels Boston, Mass. 
son hotd LEMOS 0 coéieendop eae eons dec ceet emione occu sree. .ae Cleveland, Ohio. 
SEE Ee ed als ois ainigrs. vi dudi nies a'nb o aCe MRE RTE Hee, Ae Ue tole neie aerate a i 
ROMP RETR COME RETBER DESO, Po cre 9s 5.6.5 [5,5 6:08 &.cis'efa. a wera tte ocalpenabarebetedtncla ator ma ele Geirateaen > Pittsburg, Pa. 
DET AAE) CMMPU NUS loc ca ois 5, 5°55: 5,3 ae ols 6 vie ewe. atbpeimamne euiiersve otereaisicisions dae cies St. Louis, Mo. 
Seam UNE LISS UENO THERES Ts 15 2 o.¢, sic $15 njsosobAnje 0's. sue ec tarde aaetecn erie omeieteilgiiecere slo ule sisi Rochester, N. Y. 
EMEC EN TI SCR PETES. vie cisla) cicie- eo :0'5,0 v's o's g vious Sto.» Mbleisunrayerele spayeraia®, vs class sivteci ents s ss 
Choweinti, TRIOWETE ood apbG SOOO S GRE IEEE anes Ae So Abn aid. Se BER COS 3 z se 
Blake, Fitzsimmons & Hone, Dry Geods...\2i). ee ee as 
Lower Oswego Falls Elevator, 125 feet high..... Bc uonth ato he ORR 

SR SETU AMET OTIC Ue tte Forges Se cielo 6-a-0 sie 0’ vicve.a'e 5 0. 0:0hoje elbletwisis t piaiwatejelarsie'slalece wicia.oiets Syracuse, N. Y. 
Sema NESE SEEN HENGE LS ELT Kate clot etalo facie se) 6’ s:0.0.0 6 o'ese ys ofebeslaletattis estonia. s ibioleje sis: evade oe sine : ‘= 
RMT GREE US TL OO ME EGE OLY ore /o(slsiate’s's d's 00s  o's.n vis.svelelcraisisiciale sinuses clvinidie olsis «quiches si x 
EMT OMPEMICO, TY GOOdS.......ccpsecenvesncee MR Onc cSt. Riot GOO OA AREO Gr ss ‘ 
McCarthy & Sons, wholesale and retail Dry Goods............... cece eee ee ~ ss 
aie TSVLE GE 92 Gad eis ene AU BAEC BD ESC BEI SCO CG. eee eet See Fall River, Mass, 
aera a PET P RESIN ATT GG) AL cs CPCI Tc Ts clatetats ice o otors 0° sive = 0 "0,012 ov 4. sialaeiteesstelelsla/n Viele evele/slorelelora) gen Hartford, Conn. 


AND OVER Two HUNDRED OTHERS. 


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ELEVATORS. 
THEIR USES AND ABUSES. 


Can THEY BE MapE Saree? AnDpD, IF so, How? 








2 OF 


Passenger and freight elevators have become a_ necessity. 
Their introduction into hotels, business houses, factories, and, in 
fact, into all buildings where facility is required in the conduct of 
business, or where comfort and convenience is sought, the elevator 
is irresistibly forcing its way, and it is regarded by the public with 
the same favor as other modern improved methods of transporta- 
tion. 

It is a necessity, and we must have it—and we will have it— 
eyen though it is constantly plagued with fatal accidents and dis- 
astrous mishaps. Like the railroads and steamboats whose re- 
curring disasters are constantly bridged over and condoned by the 
increasing necessity and demand for their use. So with the 
elevator, it will claim our patronage through our necessities ; hence 
as much care and precaution should be exercised in the construc- 
tion of elevators as in the construction of locomotives or of passen- 
ger steamers. 

We have a number of first-class manufacturers of elevators 
who take a commendable pride in using every possible means that 
skill and ingenuity can devise to render their elevators safe. How 
well they are succeeding is, perhaps, best demonstrated by the 
constantly increasing demand upon them. 

That old and imperfect devices for safety on these machines 
must pass away, and give place to advanced ideas and more per- 
fect appliances, is only the result of a more matured experience in 
the use of this new method of transportation. 

The numerous accidents that are constantly occurring through- 
out the country operate to deter many persons from adopting the 
elevator in their buildings. _ If the public could be assured of the 
entire safety of these machines from accidents, their use and adop- 
tion would be augmented very materially. 


2 


There is not a prominent elevator builder in this country who 
is not anxious to see the system brought to such a state of perfec- 
tion as will make the elevator absolutely safe, beyond a question 
of doubt. Vast amounts of money have been expended to devise 
some absolute method that would insure the perfect safety of the 
passengers in case the car should fall. Thus far all have worked 
to the end of preventing the car from falling at all; or, in case it 
did fall, to instantly stopit. In trying to accomplish this end, they 
have resorted to various kinds of mechanical devices, relying solely 
upon the prompt action of these appliances at the critical moment. 
Experience has demonstrated that a failure of these appliances to 
act, inevitably produces disaster. And that they do fail to act is 
evidenced by the frequent records of “ Fatal Elevator Accidents.” 

It is not our purpose to criticise any particular manufacture 
of elevators, or to refer to the numerous accidents in such a man- 
ner as to create prejudice against the builder—tor the reason that 
disasters will occur in spite of all the precautions that are used in 
the shape of mechanical automatic safetys. 

Neither is it our purpose to discuss the merits of any par- 
ticular automatic sa/fety-device owned or operated tby the various 
manufacturers. 

We quote a very plain spoken article from the Scientific Amer- 
ican of June 5, taken from the Dry Goods Bulletin, upon the sub- 


ject of elevators, which is worthy of a careful perusal : 

We have in the City of New York several thousand elevators. They are used in 

almost every large and prominent establishment. 
Again they say : 

Searcely a month has elapsed since the accident at Fall River, by which Mr. Sevey 
was killed and Mr. Crowly has since died of his injuries. Since that time, there have 
been eleven elevator accidents, and some one has been injured each time. What is still 
more alarming, all the elevators except two had safety appliances, and yet im every in- 
stance the car, or cage, fell to the bottom of the well. 

What we need is something that will prove safe under all circumstances. What that 
will be we do not know, but our merchants who build warehouses a hundred feet high 
should interest themselves in providing for the absolute safety of the tens of thousands 
who daily use their elevators. 

They further say : 

There is certainly ingenuity enough among our inventors to contrive some ap- 

pliance which will render elevators absolutely safe. 


We also subjoin the following from the Dry Goods Bulletin, 
under date of May 3, 1880, which appears to solve the question of 
safety so anxiously sought in the preceding article : 


THE ELLITHOBRPS PATENT SAFETY AIR-CUSHION. 


An important and indispensable adjunct of every modern building, publie or 
private, whether used for dwelling or business purposes, isthe elevator. No structure 


U 


is now complete without one, and the majority of elevators constructed in recent years, 
and to be built in the future, will be used for the conveyance of passengers, since that is 
the principal object of their introduction. When, therefore, the vast number of human 
lives daily entrusted to the security of elevators is taken into consideration, it becomes 
a matter of the deepest moment to provide for their safety in every way, and take every 
possible precaution against accident, the question of expense, if it should arise, being 
an entirely secondary and subordinate one. 

Elevator accidents are becoming yery frequent, and when they do oceur they are 
frightful, and every means should be employed to guard against their happening. 

There is one great principle which can be successfully applied to falling elevators 
from the very nature of their construction, and one so simple and complete that its 
application commends itself at once to the judgment of every intelligent mind. It is 
simply to oppose one great law of nature with another, and against the attraction of 
gravity, to set the resisting qualities of the atmosphere. 

By making the shaft in which the elevator works an air-tight well, with an air-tight 
chamber at the bottom, the thing is done, and if the cage becomes detached from the 
hoisting cable there will always be a cushion of compressed air below to receive it. 

This important invention as applied to elevators has been patented by Albert C. Elli_ 
thorpe, of Chicago, and should be applied, in addition to all other precautions, to every 
elevator hereafter constructed. 

Properly constructed, it seems to us that the Ellithorpe Elevator affords a sure and 
constant protection from disastrous consequences in the use of elevators, so far as the 
danger of falling is concerned, and we should expect to see it adopted by sensible and 
cautious builders and property-owners everywhere. 


The following is from the Chicago Times (editorial), in a very 

elaborate article discussing the whole elevator system. It says: 

The matter of safety appliances is one which is worthy of the greatest amount of 
study and attention. A thorough examination of this branch of the Elevator system 
will convinee anyone that a majority of the so-called safety appliances are very plausi- 
ble in theory and appearance, but are utterly worthless in practice. They depend for 
their prompt operation upon certain mechanical agencies whose action is liable to be- 
come impaired by long disuse, and which may be thrown out of order by a trifling acci- 
dent, so that when most needed they may not be able to render the required service. In 
this connection it may be said that in the article referred to, there is given a description 
of asafety appliance—(The Ellithorpe Safety Air-Cushion)—concerning whose absolute 
security there can be no dispute, and which, while thus safe beyond any question, is so 
yery simple in construction that anything like getting out of repair is an entire impos- 
sibility. This appliance has lately been put in the building occupied by the Times, and 
in many other prominent buildings in Chicago, and at other points, and in every in- 
stance it has proved a complete success. 

In the article from the Scientific American, they struck the 
key-note of the “ Hllithorpe Air-Cushion” by saying that “It is 
simply to oppose one great law of nature with another,” viz: to 
resist attractidn of gravitation by opposing the elastic qualities of 
the common atmosphere as a resisting force. 

This explanation, when understood, becomes at once apparent, 


and cannot be questioned. 

The falling cab of an elevator would be as surely stopped in 
its downward flight, if opposed by the element of air (properly 
confined), as that the element of water would throw to its surface 
any substance lighter than itself. 


4 


We have asked the question “Can accidents or loss of life 
from falling elevator cabs be averted?” 

We say, Yes; absolutely. 

The falling of an elevator cab may be rendered perfectly 
harmless. No harm can possibly come to the occupants of the cab 
“if the air-cushion is properly constructed for it to fall upon, and, 
when once built to an elevator, it becomes a permanent fixture, 
and is not dependent upon any mechanical appliances for the in- 
stantaneous performances of its duties. The laws of nature com- 





q 
‘ 
‘ 
; 


pel it to act. 

Herewith we subjoin testimonials from prominent and well- 
known citizens in various parts of the country. They are easily 
conferred with, and we are quite sure they will take pleasure in 
endorsing (emphatically) everything relative to the merits of the 


Air-Cushion. 
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, CHICAGO, July 28, 1879. 
To the Public: : . 

We feel it a duty we owe to Mr, A. C. Ellithorpe, and to the publie, to state the fol- 
lowing facts: Mr. Ellithorpe has attached his improved Air-Cushion to the elevator in 
this building, and has subjected it to the following severe, and, as we believe, complete 
tests: 

First—The cab of the elevator was allowed to fall from the top of the shaft to the 
bottom, the elevator cab weighing 4,500 po unds, without the least injury to anything 
connected with the cab or shaft. 

Second—The cab was again elevated to the top of the shaft, and two gentlemen took — 
positions on the floor ofthe cab, together with a basket of wine glasses andeggs the 
cab was again allowed to fall with all the velocity that the weight and gravity could give 
to it, and the wine glasses and eggs remained unbroken, the occupants were not in the 7 
least injured or disturbed, nor was anything in or about the cab in the least injured. 

Third—The cab was again elevated to the top of the shaft, with the additional weight j 
of 4,000 pounds of pig iron placed on its platform, and was again cut loose from the 
cable, and allowed to fall, with the same result. 

We feel that we can, with perfect safety and good faith, assure the public that Mr. A 
Ellithorpe’s invention will be the means of securing perfect safety, and will result in wit 
averting those fatal disasters (which are so common) resulting from falling of elevator 
cabs. ‘ 
Asa Dow, Pres’t Board of Trade. DANIEL A. JONES, Pres’t Chamber of Commerce. | 
Cras. RANDOLPH, See’y Board of Trade. Cuas. L. Raymonp, Sec’y Chamber of Commeree. f 









GRAND Paciric Hore, CHICAGO, August 12, 1879. 
To the Public: 

Mr. A. G. Ellithorpe has applied his Patent Air-Cushion to the passenger elevator in 
the Grand Pacific Hotel, and on Saturday, August 9th, he dropped the passenger coach 
from the top of the building to the bottom, a distance of 85 feet, with passengers frail 
glassware, eggs, ete., none of which sustained the least injury, nor could the least con- 
eussion be detected. We cheerfully commend its use and application to all elevators 

JoHN B. DRAKE & Co., Proprietors. 


Since the air cushion was constructed in the Grand Pacific 
Hotel elevator, through some unknown cause, the cab fell fromthe 


5 


fourth floor with fifteen passengers in it, none of whom were in the 
slightest degree injured. Certificates from some of the passengers 


_ are here appended : 


Curcaao, Noy. 4, 1879. 
Col. A. C. ExuiTrHoRpE, General Manager of the Eliithorpe Patent Safety Air-Cushion 
Co., Chicago, IIlL.: 

Deak S1r—On the 29th of August last, I was on the passenger elevator at the Grand 
Pacific Hotel in this city, when the same fell three floors. As near as I can recollect, 
there were in all fourteen passengers on the elevator at the time of the accident, and I 
have no hesitancy in saying that,in my judgment, the lives of all were preserved 
through the instrumentality of your patent cushion, which had but a few days been at- 
tached to the elevator. None of the passengers, so far as I could see or learn, sustained 
any injury whatever from the fall. If your patent works as wellin the future as it did 
on the above occasion, you have much to hope from it. Very truly yours, 

H. W. LEMAN. 


CuHIcAGo, Sept. 27, 1879. 
To the Public: 

Feeling grateful to the inventor, we make the following statement: We were among 
the passengers in the elevator cab at the Grand Pacifie Hotel in this city when the acci- 
dent, on the 29th day of August, 1879, occurred. The cab dropped accidentally from the 
fourth floor to the bottom of the shaft without the least injury to any one in the cab. 
There were at the time (15) fifteen passengers in the cab. Hadit not been for the Air- 
Cushion, all the passengers would probably have been killed. 

W. Kress, 0. and A. R. R. 
8. W. Lyman, C. and A. R. R. 


OFFICE OF A. BooTH, CHICAGO, Sept. 19, 1879. 

I witnessed the fall of the elevator at the Exposition, on Saturday, with the Elli- 
thorpe Patent Safety Air-Cushion Attachment, the result was marvelous, I believe that 
jn the absence of anything better (and I cannot see how it can be improved), that every 
elevator in the country should be obliged to have this attachment before being allowed 
to be used. Had this been in my building, it would have saved the lives of two men up 
to this time. A. Booru. 

\ 


UNION WIRE MATTRESS Co., CHIcAGco, August 26, 1879. 
To the Public: 

We have had the Ellithorpe Safety Air-Cushion applied to our elevator and have had 
it tested by dropping the platform over forty feet, with a box of eggs, and a full pail of 
water upon it; the eggs were not broken, nor a drop of water spilled, which proved to us 
conclusively that the platform was stopped quietly and without any material shock 
whatever, and that no harm would have been done to any one if they had been upon it. 

We believe from what we have seen of it that it is a very valuable invention and that 


it will, in all cases where properly applied, render falling elevators perfectly harmless. 


: Union Wrre Martrress Co., 
Wm. Hendley, Secretary. D. J. Powers, President. 


From the Chicago Tribune, Aug. 30. 
A NARROW ESCAPE. 
ELEVATOR ACCIDENT AT THE GRAND PACIFIC. 


At 7 o’clock yesterday evening, an accident occurred to the elevator at the Grand 
Pacific Hotel, which, but for the Ellithorpe Air-Cushion recently putin by John B. 
Drake, Esq., would have been a terrible affair. The: elevator was coming down with 
fourteen persons, ladies and gentlemen, many of them members of the Union Square 
Theatre Company, of New York. As the elevator reached the fourth floor it suddenly 
dropped, from causes unknown. Owing to the Safety Air-Cushion, all escaped un- 
harmed. Had it not been for the Ellithorpe Air-Cushion all would have been killed, or 
very seriously injured. 


The following official certificates from the Inspector of Eleva- 
tors in the city of Chicago cannot fail in being recognized as ex- 
pert authority in such matters : 


DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS, CHICAGO, Noy. 28, 1879. 
A. C. ELLITHORPE, Esq. : 

My Dear Srr—You ask me to give my opinion with reference to the use of haying 
dogs and ratchets in an elevator where the Air-Cushion has been placed. 

I am free to say that wherever the Air-Cushion is constructed in an elevator, the 
necessity for the dogs or any other safety appliance no longer exists, they would in my 
opinion, if replaced, become an element of danger. Respectfully, . 

Joun Mowatt, City Elevator Inspector, City of Chicago. 


CHICAGO, Oct. 9, 1879. 
To the Public: 

Colonel A. C. Ellithorpe has to my certain knowledge applied his Patent Air-Cushion 
to many elevators in this city, all having been subjected to the severest tests. In 
each and every case they have proved highly successful. I consider the Patent Air- 
Cushion the only invention to be relied upon for the protection of life and limb in case 
of accident. Respectfully, JoHN Mowatt, 

Elevator Inspector, City of Chicago. 


PRODUCE EXCHANGE, TOLEDO, Sept. 26, 1879. 
A. C. ELLITHORPE, Esq., Chicago: 

Dear StR:—The Air-Cushion put into our exchange elevator by you is a great success, 
Since its drop of eighty feet, with five men aboard and all the other extra weight, with- 
out any injury to the men or ear, all seem to have no fears should an accident occur 
and let the car drop atanytime. Our directors express great satisfaction with the Air- 
Cushion. Yours truly, M. D. CaARRINGTON, 

Chairman of Committee on Building, 


WHITCOMB Houss, RocHestTER, N. Y., May 7, 1880. 
Mr. A. C. ELLITHORPE: 

You have asked us to give our opinion of the merits of the Ellithorpe Air-Cushion. 
We take great pleasurein doing so. Your tests of falling the elevator in the Whitcomb. 
House, both empty and loaded with passengers, without the slightest damage to persons 
or property, convinces us that its adoption becomes an absolute necessity to guard 
against loss of life from falling elevators. WHITCOMB & CROUCH, Proprietors. 


OFFICE OF MARSHALL BRos., PITTSBURGH, Pa., Jan. 26, 1880. 
To the Publie: 

As Elevator-builders, and always on the look-out for Safety Attachments, and being 
witnesses to the test of the Ellithorpe Safety Air-Cushion at the Monongahela House in 
this city, we think it the best we have yet seen. . 
Respectfully, MARSHALL Bros. 


ee é SyRacusze SAVINGS Bank, SyRAcusSE, N. Y., May 11, 1880. 
To the Public: 

Mr. A. C. Ellithorpe, patentee of the Ellithorpe Safety Air-Cushion, has made appli- 
cation of the same to the passenger elevator in this building, and submitted it to the se- 
vere test of dropping the passenger coach from the top to the bottom, a distance of 
about one hundred feet, both times without injury to the coach or contents. The coach 
weighs about twenty-three hundred pounds; one thousand pounds of pig-iron was 
added, w.th eggs, glassware, &c., at the first test. At the second test six persons, eggs, 
glassware, &c., fell with the coach. None ofthe persons were in the least jarred or in- 


jured, nor were the eggs or glassware broken. We deem the Air-Cushion Safety as ab- 
solutely essential to all elevators, and that its merits should receive a general public 
recognition as being far in advance of any safety device yet known to the public. 
We cheerfully recommend its general adoption. 
EK. W. LEAVENWORTH, President. 


Mr. Joseph Medill, editor of the Chicago Tribune, bears testi- 
mony to the valne of the Ellithorpe Safety Air-Cushion in the 


following letter : 
Eprrortau Rooms, THE TRIBUNE, CHICAGO, June 22, 1880. 
Col. ELLITHORPE: 

DeAR SrR—I regard your Air-Cushion Safety Elevator as one of the most valuable 
life-saving inventions that has been offered to the public for many years. Itis bound to 
come into universal use on its merits. I can conceive of no substitute that is likely to. 
take its place. When riding in the Tribune elevator I feel a sense of personal safety 
not experienced previous to the adoption of the Air-Cusion. I feel an assurance that 
no lives will be lost by the breaking of a wire rope, or an accident to an engine, or its. 


- belting or pulleys. Yours truly, J. Mepruu, Editor, 


OFFICE OF THE CITY CrvIL ENGINEER, CLEVELAND. O., Feb. 26, 1880. 
To Whom it May Concern: 

This is to certify that the Ellithorpe Patent Safety Air-Cushion Company have just 
completed and tested one of their Air-Cushions under the City Hall passenger elevator 
for the city of Cleveland, and have completed it according to contract. The cab of the 
eleyator has been allowed to fall from attic to basement, a distance of 68 feet, four times, 
the last fall being the contract test. The cab was loaded with 800 to 1,000 pounds dead 
load ofiron, also with water,eggs and glassware,and a reporter on one of our eity 
papers. The cab fell the 68 feet without breaking an egg, spilling the water, or injur- 
ing the reporter in the least, and the whole test was pronounced a success. I can most 
cheerfully recommend the Ellithorpe Air-Cushion as being or haying all the merits 
they claim for it when properly constructed. Very respectfully, 

B. F. Morse, City Civil Engineer. 


Syracusks, N. Y., May 10, 1880. 
To the Public: 

This is to certify that the Messrs. Ellithorpes have attached what is known as the 
Ellithorpe Patent Air-Cushion to the passenger elevator in my building, and it gives me 
great satisfaction to say that it is all they claim for it. I am firmly of the opinion that 
no elevator ean be absolutely safe without it. Asa life-saving invention it merits uni- 
yersal adoption. Mitton S. PRICE. 


BIDDLE Houses, DETROIT, MIcH., Oct. 20, 1879. 
To the Public: 

I have adopted the Air-Cushion invented by Mr. A. C. Ellithorpe to the elevator in the 
Biddle House, and ata public test given Oct. 13, 1879, the elevator was dropped from the 
roof of the building to the bottom. The contents—seven men, eggs, glassware, &.— 
sustained not the slightest injury. I very cheerfully commend its application to all 
elevators. N. H. WrutaMs, Proprietor. 


RussELL Houses, DETROIT, Novy. 22, 1879. 
To the Public: 

We feel it a duty we owe to cheerfully endorse the Ellithorpe Patent Air-Cushion, 
and believe the introduction of the same should be applied to all elevators, thereby af- 
fording perfect safety from accidents on same, 

We have attached the Air-Cushion to the elevator in the Russell House and at a test 
given Noyember 21, 1879, during which the elevator was hoisted to the top of the building 


8 


loaded with 1,200 pounds of iron, eggs and frail glassware, was then detached and 
dropped to the bottom with entire and complete satisfaction. No elevator should be 
without this life-saving invention. Respectfully, WITBECK, CHITTENDEN & Co. 


MoNnoNGAHELA Housk, PIrrsBURGH, Pa, Jan. 23, 1880. 
To the Public: 

I most cheerfully endorse the Ellithorpe Patent Safety Air-Cushion, and believe its 
introduction should be applied to all elevators, thereby affording an absolute safe-guard 
against accident from the falling of elevator cabs. 

T have introduced the invention to the Monongahela House elevator, and on Satur- 
day, January 17th, 1880, the elevator was hoisted to the top of the building, loaded with 
seven men, eggs, frail glassware, etc., weighing in all nearly 5,000 pounds, was then 
detached and plunged upon the Air-Cushion without hurting the occupants or damag- 
ing the contents. As a life-saving invention for elevators it is perfect. 

Jno. McDONALD Crossan, Proprietor. 


KENNARD HOUSE, CLEVELAND, O., Dec. 29, 1879. 
To the Public: 

I most cheerfully endorse the Ellithorpe Patent Safety Air-Cushion, and believe its 
introduction should be demanded in all elevators, thereby giving absolute safety from 
accidents on same. 

Thave applied the invention to they elevator in the Kennard House, and the results 
from two tests—during which the elevator was cut loose from its connections at an ele- 
vation of 69 feet, loaded with eggs, iron, frail glassware, and a pail of water, and landed 
at the bottom of the shaft without the breaking of an egg or jarring of any of the con- 
tents of the cage. Asa life-saving appliance for eleyators it is infallible. 

Davip McCuasky, Prop. Kennard House. 





Eixtracts. 

We have hundreds of certificates, not only from the parties 
who have adopted the “ Ellithorpe Air-Cushion,” but from persons 
who have been present and witnessed the severe, but successtul, 
tests to which it has been subjected. 

It may, perhaps, seem superfluous to publish anything more 
to convince a reflecting mind of its merits; but, as a matter of in- 
terest, we subjoin various extracts from the Press, describing some 
of the thrilling tests that the Air-Cushion has been subjected to. 

Wherever we have publicly dropped an elevator, it has created 
sreat interest, and crowds of persons have been present to witness 
the tests. Besides, we think that many of these accounts will be 
read with interest, and go further toward establishing public con- 
- fidence in the invention than anything we can say. 

The following are a few extracts from leading newspapers of 
the country : 

From the Chicago Times, July 24, 1879. 


AN ELEVATOR MUZZLED. 


On yesterday afternoon, the large elevatorin the Chamber of Commerce fell from 
the upper floor to the bottom of the elevator passage. It contained at the time pl 
Ellithorpe, son of the inventor, and C. F. Hathaway, neither of whom was injured or 








9 


even jarred. One of them held aglass of water, none of which wasspilled. On the floor of 
the cab was a basket of ezgs and glassware, but not an egg shell or tumbler was broken. 
The occasion of the fall was the testinz of a device, of Col. A. C. Ellithorpe of this city, 
for preventing elevator accidents. At ths second test, the elevator was loaded with five 
thousand pounds of pig iron, the elevator itself weighing four thousand pounds, which 
was hoisted to the upper floor and again allowed t» drop—the eggs lying loose upon the 
floor among the pigs of iron and glassware were unbroken. Itseems as if the deadly 
elevator had been robbed of its terrors. 


From the Exposition Budget. 

The elevator at the Exposition was closed yesterday. The managers with their 
usual regard for the safety and convenience of the public, are putting in at once Elli- 
thorpe’s Safety Air-Cushion, similar to the one at the Grand Pacific Hotel, which saved 
the lives of fourteen persons a few days ago. 


From the Chicago Tribune. 
THE EXPOSITION. 
INTERESTING EXPERIMENT WITH ELLITHORPE’S SAFETY AIR-CUSHION. 


The Ellithorpe Patent Safety Air-Cushion was tried at the Exposition yesterday 
afternoon in the presence of about twenty thousand people who shuddered when the 
elevator fell from the top of the shaft, but cheered when the six occupants walked out 
safe and not at all shaken up by their tumble of 109 feet. The existence of this impor- 
tant invention, one which will doubtless be the means of saving thousands of lives, has 
been mentioned in the newspapers, but only a few people have seen it in operation 
until yesterday, and become thereby capable of judging of its merits. The announce- 
ment that the elevator would fall “‘ with living freight” attracted an immense crowd the 
whole north end of the building, and the galleries being crowded, nearly everything 
else being abandoned for the time being. The only change noticeable being an in- 
closure at the bottom of the shaft extending up several feet. Along towards 4 o’clock 
the elevator was run up to the top ofthe shaft. Init were A. C. Ellithorpe, F. T. Elli- 
thorpe, C. F. Hathaway, Fred. T. Adams, C. C. Coffinand John T, Brothers; their weight 
and that of the elevator being about 2,800 pounds. After some little delay, the tempo- 
rary rope attachment was cut and down came the elevator with arush, but in an in- 
stant the entrance door was opened and the five passengers came out smiling. As soon 
as they were seen the crowd began cheering, and rushed forward to feel of the men and 
see if they were not rubber automata. The test was satisfactory in every respect, de- 
monstrating what was already known, however, that accidents from falling elevators 
can now become an impossibility. The merits of the invention are already being 
recognized, Col. Ellithorpe haying within the last few days received many additional 
orders. 


From the Toledo Bee. 
TOOK A TUMBLE. 


Five persons fall 85 feet through the Prodvce Exchange elevator and sustain no 
injury, owing to the Ellithorpe Patent Safety Air-Cushion having just been attached. 


From the Detroit Free Press, Oct. 14, 1879. 
AN APPALLING TUMBLE. 


THE BIDDLE HOUSE ELEVATOR DROPS SIXTY FEET WITH SEVEN PASSENGERS.—A 
REPORTER OF THE Free Press TAKES A TUMBLE WITH THE OTHERS.—PUB- 
LIC TEST OF THE ELLITHORPE PATENT SAFETY AIR-CUSHION. 
The test was a complete success, not an egg-shell was crushed, not a glass broken. 
The spectators rushed from the upper floors to the bottom landing expecting to see the 
occupants of the cage either killed or wounded, but were agreeably disappointed. 


From the Detroit Hvening News, 
The Ellithorpe Air-Cushion on the Russel House elevator was tested this noon with 
the usual load of iron, wine glasses, eggs, etc., and proved a complete success. 








10 


The following is the certificate of the gentlemen who were in 
the cab at the time of the accident at the Parker House, Boston, 
October 7, 1879, and also Harvey D. Parker’s certificate : 


To Whom it May Uoncern: 

This is to certify that we, the undersigned, were occupants of the Parker House ele- 
vator when it was cut loose and let fall on the Tth of October, 1879. No concussion what- 
ever was experienced by us when the cab landed on the Air-Cushion, neither did we 
sustain the slightest injury in any way, nor suffer from any ill-effects produced by the 
fall of 80 feet. Signed, J.H. N. Winitams, 

‘Ep. CHEVALIER. 
JOHN WILLIAMS, 
FRED. T. ADAMS, 
WaLpo RoBINSON. 


Boston, Oct. 22, 1879. 
Me. A. C.. ELLITHORPE: 


DeaR SiR—Since the application of your Safety Air-Cushion to my elevator in the 
Parker House, Iam thoroughly convineed of its utility and absolute necessity as a life- 
saving invention, and I am confident that it will be the means of saving many lives that. 
are constantly being sacrificed from the falling of elevator cabs. 

H. D. Parker, 'Proprietor. 


From the Cleveland Herald, Dec, 29, 1879. 
A LIGHT FALL. 


A successful experiment was made with the Ellithorpe Safety Air-Cushion on the 
elevator at the Kennard House, at 1 o’clock Saturday afternoon. Some two hundred 
prominent gentlemen of the city were present. The éleyator, with a load of eggs, water 
and iron was cut loose and allowed to drop sixty feet. The force of the fall was so 
broken by the Air-Cushion, that not even a ripple was perceptible on the surface of the 
water, or the slightest disturbance of the cargo. 


From the Cleveland Leader. 


A large crowd of city officials and other interested persons gathered in the City Hall, 
at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon, to witness the workings of the Ellithorpe Safety Air_ 
Cushion just introduced in the elevator. A basket of eggs on bricks, and water in 
glass tumblers comprised the bill offareto go down. Promptly at3:15 o’clock the eab fell, 
sending the cage from the fourth floor to the cellar, without spilling a drop of water, or 
unshelling an egg, 


From the Pittsburg Leader, Jan. 18, 1880. 
A TERRIFIC ELEVATOR TUMBLE. 
SEVEN MEN FALL SEVENTY FEET. 


A public test of the Ellithorpe Patent Safety Air-Cushion took place yesterday after- 
noon and proved a perfect success, the following despatch was sent yesterday evening 
and explains itself: 

COLONEL A. C. ELLITHORPE, Chicago, Ill., Patentee: 


“Public test of the Ellithorpe Safety Air- Cushion to- cor at hotel Be oved a great suc- 
cess, am perfectly satisfied with appliance.” JOHN MCDONALD CROSSAN, 
Proprietor Monongahela House. 





From the Rochester Democrat, May 16, 1880, 
THE ELLITHORPE AIR-CUSHION AGAIN. 
SIX PERSONS DROP 112 FEET. 


The Ellithorpe Patent Air-Cushion for the safety of elevators is growingin public 
favor. Already it isin use in several of our Rochester elevators. Yesterday afternoon a party 
of invited guests assembled at the Lower Falls to witness the test; six persons entered 





il 


the car; Colonel A. ©. Ellithorpe, the inventor; L. 8. Graves, elevator builder; Captain 
Aaron Bennett, J. J. Lilley, John Harris and David Rumsey. At a quarter before 3 
o’clock the ear was dropped; for the first forty feet it fell rapidly, after which it gradually 
lessened its speed and finally came to rest at the bottom of the well, a distance of 112 feet, 
in 15 seconds from the time of starting. The passengers seemed to enjoy the trip; the 
entertainment then closed. 


From the Syracuse Standard. 
ELLITHORPE’S SAFETY AIR-CUSHION. 


The test of this provision for the safety of persons in elevators in case of accidental 
falling, at the Syracuse Savings Bank, at 2 o’clock this afternoon, was a complete suc- 
cess. The car was suffered to fall 102 feet, and seven persons went down with it in per- 
fect safety. The test was in all respects satisfactory, and persons using elevators with 
this attachment need have no apprehension of serious results in case the fastenings 
should break and the ear be precipitated to the ground. 


From the Detroit Evening News. 


The elevator in Bissell & Miller’s new Bank Chambers Building is provided with an 
Ellithorpe Air-Cushion. The **Cushion” in Newberry & MeMillan’s new block is a 
splendid piece of work, and extends nearly the whole height of the shaft, so that the car 
can never drop more than a few feet, and even then very slowly. 


From the Detroit Sunday Herald. 


The eccentric conduct of the Board of Trade elevator has been the cause of a great 
deal of timidity among the bulls and bears. Sometimes it would take a drop of 20 or 30 
feet, that would send the hearts of the occupants bulging out oftheir mouths. An Elli- 
thorpe Air-Cushion was put in toensure safety. On Friday it was tested by allowing 
the elevator with 500 pounds weight inside, and some glasses of water and some eggs to 
drop from the top story. It went down like a bullet, but the shock at the bottom was so 
light that the water was not spilled, nor the eggs broken. Now those who ride inthe 
elevator feel that if they fall they will have something soft to fall upon. 





The account of the successful dropping of the elevator in the 
Borden Block, at Fall River, we subjoin from several papers, on 
account of its being the scene of a frightful accident last April, 
in which two persons lost their lives and others seriously maimed 
by the falling of the cab some two or three stories : 

SAFETY ELEVATORS. 


ANOTHER SUCCESSFUL TEST OF THE ELLITHORPE AIR-CUSHION.- 


The Ellithorpe Air-Cushion, as applied to elevators, which was so successfully tested 
on the Couwrant’s elevator afew days since, had another and even more satisfactory test 
last Tuesday in Fall River. It was at the Borden Block, where the elevator, unprovided 
with the Air-Cushion, fell about three months ago, resulting in loss of life and limb, 
The new elevator has the Ellithorpe Cushion, and its absolute safety is assured. 

In the test, the first drop was from the upper story in the Borden Block, a distance 
of 4734 feet. The weight of the car was 1,600 pounds. In addition to this, 500 pounds of 
iron were placed inside of the car,two glasses of water and several eggs, and as the 
balance weight to the car had been removed, the actual weight dropped was the total of 
these two items, or about 2,100 pounds. The rope was severed and with terrible rapidity 
and with a fearful crash which sounded as if the inside of the building was falling in, 
the car descended, raising a cloud of dust which shut out everything from sight. Noth- 
ing was damaged. The car was uninjured; the water in the glasses was undisturbed 
and unspilled and the eggs unbroken. 

The Fall River News, in its account of the test, continues: 

The experiment was a complete success, but a more exciting, and to us seemingly 


12 


hazardous one, was yet to be made. The elevator was again raised to the top floor, and 
this time, instead of iron and eggs, living freight was substituted. Mr. F. T. Ellithorpe 
(son of Colonel Ellithorpe, the inventor of the Cushion), A. H. Jacobs of the Narragan- 
sett Hotel, J. W. Pritchard of the Western Union Telegraph Office, and Mr. McGuirk, 
assistant reporter of the Providence Journal, took positions in the car and awaited the 
fearful drop. This time we stood on the lower floor and awaited the coming of the ear. 
There was none of the noise that was heard by those standing above, but the car moved 
almost as quietly asifon aregular trip. The dust, which was so thick and blinding on 
the preceding trip, had been completely blown out, and a very good yiew of the action 
ofthe ear could be obtained. When the bottom of the car reached the top of the lower. 
door it seemed to stop somewhat suddenly, and then to settle slowly and gradually down 
until it reached the bottom of the well, when its occupants stepped forth and received 
the congratulations of their friends. They affirm that the sensation in falling is no 
more unpleasant than that of riding in a railroad ear. 

The drop at Fall River makes the 158th time Mr. F. T. Ellithorpe has tested the Air- 
Cushion by himself dropping with the ear. At the Chicago Exposition he dropped 125 
feet without the slightest injury to the car orto himself. The Air-Cushion is the only 
absolutely safe attachment for elevators yet invented. Itis always ready and cannot 
get out of order.—Hartford Courant, July 2, 1880. 


From the Boston Globe, June 30, 1880. 
THE ELLITHORPE ATIR-CUSHION. 


A successful trial of the Ellithorpe Air-Cushion was made with the Borden Bloek 
elevator this afternoon. Last April Messrs. Seavey & Crowley were fatally injured in 
the elevator. To-day the fall of the car was forty-eight feet, and it was so suecessful 
that eggs contained therein were not broken, and water was not spilled. 


From the Providence Journal, June 30, 1880. 
THE ELLITHORPE PATENT SAFETY AIR-CUSHION. 


The new safety appliance recently attached to the elevator in the Borden Block was 
tested this afternoon, and proved a complete success. 


SUCCESS OF THE ELLITHORPE ATR-CUSHION. 
WHAT SYRACUSE PROPERTY OWNERS SAY OF IT.—THE ENTIRE CITY ADOPTS IT. 
From the Syracuse Times, May 2. 


If the real merit and worth of an invention depends upon its adoption by sensible 
people, then too much credit cannct be ascribed to the Ellithorpe Safety Air-Cushion, 
for elevators; for it has been adopted in every elevator in Syracuse, with one exception, 
and it will doubtless be applied to that. In the Gray elevator, a very successful test was 
made on Tuesday. To-morrow afternoon the elevator in the Onondaga Savings Bank 
Building will be dropped at3 o’clock, and the one in Milton S. Price’s store at 4 o’clock. 
In the car of the latter will be seated Messrs. Harry Gray, C. H. Shattuck, Stanley and F. 
T, Ellithorpe. To witness this exciting descent a general invitation is extended, and it 
is hoped all interested will call at the hour stated. This will, itis said, be the most ex- 
citing fall yet seen in the city. r 

We cheerfully publish the following letters, which have been voluntarily furnished 
Messrs. Ellithorpes: 

Syracuse, March 24, 1880. 

Mr. Ellithorpe has applied his Patent Safety Air-Cushion to the elevator in the 
Temperance Hotel, and it gives us pleasure to state that after subjecting the appliance 
to the severest test of twice dropping the coach from the top of the building to the base- 
ment, freighted with eggs and goblets of water, standing upon the naked board floor, 
with th:ee persons in the coach, not an egg was broken or a drop of water spilled, nor 
any of the persons in the slightest manner jarred or injured. 

* The Air-Cushion absolutely prevents concussion, and hence ensures perfect immu- 
nity from danger,in case the coach of an elevator drops from any cause. We have no 





_ 
. 
; 
a) 
\ 


13 


hesitation in saying that its life-saving qualities will make its universal application a 
public necessity. P. Burns, Owner. 
- E. T. Taxpot, Proprietor. 


SyRAcUSE, April 29, 1880. 
To Whom it May Concern: 


The Messrs. Ellithorpes huve constructed in one of our elevators what is known as 
the Ellithorpe Patent Safety Air-Cushicn, for the purpose of averting danger from the 
falling of elevator cabs. We take great pleasure in stating that theirtests in dropping 
our elevator from the top to the bottom of the building, as well as every other test in our 
city, have been highly satisfactory, eliciting general public satisfaction. Its simplicity 
and the natural laws which control its action, cannot fail to be effective. Asalife-saving 
invention its general adoption will become a necessity. D. McCartuy & Sons. 


ONONDAGA County Savines Bank, Syracuse, N. Y., July 6, 1880. 
To the Public: 

The introduction of the Ellithorpe Patent Safety Air-Cushion to elevators is, in our 
opinion, of the greatest importance for the preservation of life and limb, as the follow- 
ing will demonstrate. The elevator car in the Onondaga County Savings Bank was: 
dropped twice. At the first test 500 pounds of nails, glasses filled with water, and one 
dozen of eggs fell in the cab from the top to the bottom of the shaft, without disturbing 
the water, or damaging the car. At the second test two gentlemen took seats in the car 
and dropped a distance of nearly sixty feet, without the slightest inconvenience to 
either. The introduction of the Ellithorpe Air-Cushion should be general for the safety 
of the public. Respectfully, D. P. Woop, President. 


CouURANT OFFICE, HARTFORD, CoNN., July 6, 1880. 
We haye applied to the passenger elevator in the Courant Building the Ellithorpe 
Patent Air-Cushion. We deem it the only absolute safety device before the public. Mr. 
Ellithorpe dropped the passenger coach from the top of the building—66 feet—to the bot- 
tom without the slightest injury to the coach, or without spilling a single drop of water 
or breaking an egg, which were placed upon the floor of the eoach. No elevator should 
be without this safety appliance. | HAw.Ley, GoopricH & Co., Publishers Courant. 


; SYRACUSE, April 28, 1880, 
To the Public: 

We took aride yesterday on our elevator and fell seventy feet and did not spilla 
glass of water, or break an egg of the two dozen placed among old ironinabox. Mr. F 
T. Eilithorpe and myself did not experience the slightest particle of jar or concussion 
atthe bottom. The Ellithorpe Safety Air-Cushion had just been applied to our elevator 
which accounts for our safety in making the fall. 

The Air-Cushion is an absolute safety in case an elevator should from any cause 
fall. GRAY BROTHERS. 


OFFICE OF NEWBERRY & McMituan, Drerrort, July 9, 1880. 
To the Public: 

After witnessing the perfect working of the Ellithorpe Safety Air-Cushion at the 
Board of Trade building in this city, we have applied same to the elevator in the New- 
berry & MeMillan building, feeling assured that no accident can occur from the fall of 
elevator car, we cheerfully commend its application to all elevators. Respectfully, 

NEWBERRY & McMILuan. 


; { OFrice oF MILLER & BISSELL, DETROIT, July 9, 1880. 
To the Public: ® 
We have adopted the Ellithorpe Patent Safety Air-Cushion to the elevator in the 
Bank Chambers building, believing it to be all that is claimed for it by the inventor. 
Respectfully, MILLER & BISSELL. 





14 


Perhaps it might be considered presumptuous to even refer 
to the liability of elevator owners, and their duties as to the exer- 
cise of due diligence in seeking the greatest possible safety in the 
running of elevators. 

But when it is understood that it is done, not in a spirit of 
menace, but for the common good of all concerned, we think the 
public will commend any reasonable allusion in this direction. 

That proper precaution, and due diligence, is obligatory upon 
every individual who owns or operates an elevator, 1s apparent, 
from the fact that numerous decisions of our higher courts have 
established this fact; and in nearly every State in the Union puni- 
tive laws are pointed and equally emphatic. Wherever safety to 
the public can be secured—especially while in transit—by any 
publicly known device, and such device is within reach, or at the 
command, of the carrier or operator, they will be bound to take 
notice of its efficiency. : 

If it is a demonstrated fact that the Law of Gravity can be 
neutralized in the falling of an elevator cab, by opposing the Law, 
of Atmospheric resistance, then the invention becomes a necessity, 
and ordinary prudence will seek its universal adoption. 





Blah, 


oo 








for the door to pocket back when open. 


“weights inside” the same shaft with the car, the wall should be 

















-. TO ARCHITECTS. ss - 
eee a 

The safety of elevators does not depend alone upon the mai 
ufacturer ofthe elevator, but its us largely epends upon the 


the doors. The shait to Seay an elevator should always be 
structed from four to six inches larger upon each side than t 
bottom of the car. This gives ample room to properly adjus 
guide posts. All doors senld be made to slide as nearly | fl 
with the inside of the shaft as possible, leaving a recess in the 


Whenever it becomes necessary to run the counter-balance 


Boslcoted to receive the same with sufficient room to erect substan- ae 


fastened. 

Whenever the shaft is built of wood, the siuddine shoud 
not less than 2x6, and 12 inches from centres, well and | 
bridged, the corners well tied together. _ 

The openings or doors to the shaft upon each ficbe may : 
of any size desirable— jiny’e doors are preferable, as they leay 
more natural strength to the shaft. 

Whenever it can be done, the counter-balance weights ea ves 
be run outside of the elevator shaft. The numerous serious acci-_ 
dents resulting from the fall of counter- weights dictates a change 
in this respect. Sj 

All elevator shafts should extend through the roof and be 9. 
lighted from the top. All projections, in the shea of door-sillsor 
pipes, into the shaft should be avoided ; they are always elements — 
of danger. In fine, the inside of the shaft should ke as ee and 
smooth as possible. 





make the application of the ‘“ Air-Cushion E ai aa F 
expense. ‘ 


